International Journal of Functional Research in Science and Engineering (IJFRSE)
The International Journal of Functional Research in Science and Engineering (IJFRSE) is an open-source, peer-reviewed journal that stands at the forefront of academic research. We are dedicated to the dissemination of high-quality research spanning all fields of science and engineering. Our commitment to excellence is reflected in the depth and breadth of the research we publish.
THE ROLE OF ADVANCED COMPUTER HARDWARE IN ENHANCING TECHNICAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
This study explores the transformative impact of advanced computer hardware on technical skill development among undergraduate students in Cross River State, Nigeria. With the rapid integration of technology in education, advanced hardware such as high-performance processors, GPUs, and specialized computing devices offers unprecedented opportunities for skill acquisition in fields like programming, data analysis, and digital design. Using a primary data collection method, this research surveyed 400 undergraduate students across three universities in Cross River State, employing a mixed-methods approach with structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Findings reveal a significant positive correlation (r = 0.67, p < 0.05) between access to advanced hardware and proficiency in technical skills, particularly in computer science and engineering disciplines. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, high costs, and limited training hinder optimal utilization. The study underscores the need for strategic investments in hardware resources and faculty development to bridge the digital divide and enhance employability. Recommendations include public-private partnerships to fund hardware upgrades and curriculum integration of hands-on training with advanced systems. This research contributes to the discourse on technology-driven education in developing contexts, emphasizing hardware as a catalyst for skill development.
Advanced Computer Hardware, Technical Skills, Undergraduate Students, Technology in Education, Digital Divide
Copyright (c) 2025 Patience James Oden (Author)
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FOOD SKILLS AND HEALTHY FOOD PREFERENCES AMONG MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
This study explores the correlation between food skills and healthy food preferences among middle-aged adults (aged 40–60) in Cross River State, Nigeria, a region undergoing rapid nutrition transition. Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 500 participants across urban and rural communities via structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Findings reveal a significant positive correlation (r = 0.62, p < 0.01) between food skills encompassing meal planning, preparation, and budgeting and preferences for nutrient-dense foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Socio-demographic factors, including education (β = 0.28, p < 0.05) and income (β = 0.19, p < 0.05), significantly influenced this relationship, with urban residents showing stronger preferences for processed foods. Rural participants with higher food skills demonstrated greater adherence to traditional, healthier diets (p < 0.01). The socio-ecological model guided the study, highlighting the interplay of individual, interpersonal, and environmental factors in shaping food choices. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to enhance food skills, particularly in urban areas, to promote healthier dietary patterns and combat the rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Recommendations include community-based cooking programs and nutrition education tailored to local contexts. This study contributes to understanding dietary behaviors in Nigeria’s nutrition transition landscape.
Food Skills, Healthy Food Preferences, Middle-Aged Adults, Nutrition Transition, Socio-Ecological Model, Non-Communicable Diseases
Copyright (c) 2025 Samuel Atam Inyabri (Author)
HARNESSING ADVANCED SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES TO ENHANCE SCIENTIFIC LITERACY AND EXPOSURE IN THE POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION OF CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigates the transformative potential of advanced software technologies in bolstering scientific literacy and exposure among post-primary students in Cross River State, Nigeria. Amid global strides in educational technology, Nigerian schools face persistent challenges, including limited access to digital tools and inadequate teacher training. Employing a descriptive survey design, data were gathered through questionnaires from 400 participants (300 students and 100 teachers) across 10 public secondary schools in Calabar. Results indicate that 70% of students lack access to computers, while 75% of teachers report insufficient training in software integration. However, 85% of respondents believe tools like virtual labs and e-learning platforms could enhance scientific understanding. Key barriers include erratic power supply (92%) and poor internet connectivity (68%). The study proposes mobile-based learning and teacher capacity-building as viable solutions. Recommendations include government-led infrastructure upgrades, curriculum reforms to embed technology, and partnerships with tech firms to provide affordable tools. This research illuminates a path toward leveraging software technologies to foster scientific literacy, equipping students for a technology-driven future.
Scientific Literacy, Advanced Software Technologies, Post-Primary Education, Digital Divide, Educational Technology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Felix Ebri Patrick (Author)
HARNESSING POWERSAS SIMULATION MODELING FOR ADVANCING PROFICIENCIES IN POWER SYSTEM IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
Cross River State, Nigeria, endowed with abundant renewable energy resources, faces persistent electricity challenges that hinder socio-economic development. This study explores the application of PowerSAS simulation modeling to enhance power system proficiencies, focusing on small hydropower (SHP) potential in the state’s hilly regions. Utilizing a primary data collection approach through field surveys and stakeholder interviews, we assessed demographic profiles, energy needs, and system performance across six Local Government Areas (LGAs). PowerSAS was employed to simulate power generation scenarios, optimizing energy output and cost-efficiency. Findings indicate that Kwa Falls, Kundeve, and Ajasor streams hold significant SHP potential, with a combined capacity of 20 MW during peak seasons. The study highlights the model’s ability to integrate demographic data and site-specific parameters to improve system reliability. Challenges such as funding and infrastructure gaps were identified, underscoring the need for policy reforms. Recommendations include capacity building for local engineers and public-private partnerships to scale SHP projects. This research provides a framework for leveraging simulation tools to address Nigeria’s energy crisis sustainably.
PowerSAS, Small Hydropower, Simulation Modeling, Renewable Energy, Power System Proficiency
Copyright (c) 2025 Otu Ogbodim Eya (Author)
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL LITERACY AND ADHERENCE TO DIETARY PROTOCOLS AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH DIABETES IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
Diabetes mellitus, a growing public health challenge in Nigeria, demands effective dietary management to mitigate complications. This study investigates the relationship between nutritional literacy and adherence to dietary protocols among individuals with type 2 diabetes in Cross River State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall to collect primary data from 384 participants across urban and rural communities. Nutritional literacy was assessed using a validated Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument, while adherence was measured via the Dietary Adherence Scale. Findings revealed that 42.7% of participants had adequate nutritional literacy, with higher literacy levels in urban areas (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.12–2.34). Adherence to dietary protocols was low (36.2%), with significant associations between nutritional literacy and adherence (p < 0.001). Socio-demographic factors, including education (p = 0.002), income (p = 0.015), and urban residence (p = 0.008), influenced both literacy and adherence. Barriers such as cultural food preferences and limited access to healthy foods were identified. The study underscores the need for targeted nutrition education interventions to enhance dietary adherence and improve health outcomes. Recommendations include integrating nutrition literacy programs into diabetes care and addressing socio-economic barriers to healthy eating.
Nutritional Literacy, Dietary Adherence, Type 2 Diabetes, Socio-demographic Factors, Nutrition Education
Copyright (c) 2025 Eunice Ifere Ewa (Author)
EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF EXPENSE SURGE IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
The construction industry in Cross River State, Nigeria, has experienced significant cost escalations, impacting project delivery and economic development. This study investigates the effects of expense surges on construction projects, focusing on cost overruns, project delays, and stakeholder dynamics. Utilizing a primary data collection approach, structured questionnaires were administered to 150 construction professionals, including contractors, engineers, and quantity surveyors, across major urban centers in Cross River State. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis revealed that inflation, exchange rate volatility, and supply chain disruptions are primary drivers of expense surges, contributing to 92% of cost overruns in public projects. The demographic analysis highlighted a predominantly male workforce, with 65% aged between 30–45 years, and varying experience levels influencing perceptions of cost management. The study identifies significant challenges, including project abandonment and compromised quality, while proposing policy interventions like inflation-indexed contracts and local material sourcing to mitigate expense surges. These findings contribute to understanding the economic pressures on Nigeria’s construction sector and offer actionable recommendations for stakeholders aiming to enhance project efficiency and sustainability.
Expense Surge, Construction Industry, Cost Overrun, Inflation, Supply Chain Disruptions, Primary Data Collection
Copyright (c) 2025 Simon Ellah Egomo (Author)
THE ROLE OF ADVANCED COMPUTER HARDWARE IN ENHANCING TECHNICAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IN UNDERGRADUATES IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigates the transformative potential of advanced computer hardware in fostering technical skills development among undergraduates in Cross River State, Nigeria. As global industries increasingly demand digitally proficient graduates, Nigerian universities face challenges such as outdated hardware, limited access to modern facilities, and inadequate technical training. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected via questionnaires from 400 undergraduates and 80 lecturers across five public universities in Cross River State. Results indicate that only 30% of students have regular access to advanced hardware like high-performance computers, while 75% of lecturers report insufficient infrastructure to support technical skills training. However, 82% of participants believe advanced hardware, such as graphic processing units (GPUs) and virtual reality (VR) systems, could enhance skills in programming, data analysis, and engineering design. Key barriers include erratic power supply (88%) and high equipment costs (70%). The study proposes solutions like government-funded hardware upgrades and industry partnerships. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this research underscores the need for accessible, high-quality hardware to bridge the technical skills gap, preparing undergraduates for a competitive global workforce.
Advanced Computer Hardware, Technical Skills, Undergraduates, Digital Literacy, Technology Acceptance Model
Copyright (c) 2025 Wilson Felix Bassey (Author)
ASSESSMENT OF AUTOCAD PROFICIENCY AMONG CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENTS IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR ADVANCING CONTEMPORARY CIVIL ENGINEERING PRACTICES
In the rapidly evolving field of civil engineering, proficiency in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools like AutoCAD is pivotal for modern design and construction practices. This study assesses the AutoCAD proficiency levels of civil engineering students in Cross River State, Nigeria, exploring its implications for advancing contemporary civil engineering practices. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 384 students across three tertiary institutions through structured questionnaires and practical AutoCAD skill tests. Findings revealed that 62% of students demonstrated moderate proficiency, with significant gaps in advanced features like 3D modeling and parametric design. Demographic analysis indicated no significant gender-based differences, but proficiency varied by academic level, with final-year students outperforming others. Challenges included limited access to updated software, inadequate training facilities, and outdated curricula. These findings underscore the need for curriculum reform, enhanced training infrastructure, and industry-academia collaboration to align student skills with global standards. Recommendations include integrating advanced AutoCAD modules, establishing CAD laboratories, and fostering partnerships with engineering firms to enhance practical exposure. This study highlights the critical role of AutoCAD proficiency in preparing students for innovative civil engineering practices, contributing to sustainable infrastructure development in Nigeria.
AutoCAD, Civil Engineering, Proficiency, CAD training, curriculum reform
Copyright (c) 2025 Eyo Eyo Effiong (Author)
EXPLORING HOW A VIRTUAL CHICKEN GROWTH SIMULATOR SPARKS CURIOSITY IN AGRICULTURE STUDIES AMONG STUDENTS IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigates the impact of a Virtual Chicken Growth Simulator (VCGS) on fostering curiosity in agriculture studies among secondary school students in Cross River State, Nigeria. With agriculture being a cornerstone of Nigeria’s economy, yet facing declining interest among youth, innovative educational tools like VCGS offer a promising avenue to engage students. Using a primary data collection method, a survey was conducted with 300 students across five secondary schools in Calabar, employing a mixed-methods approach with questionnaires and focus group discussions. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) served as the theoretical framework, assessing perceived usefulness and ease of use as predictors of curiosity. Results indicate that 78% of students reported heightened curiosity about poultry farming after using VCGS, with a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.65, p < 0.05) between simulator use and interest in agriculture studies. Qualitative findings reveal that interactive features, such as real-time growth tracking and problem-solving scenarios, were key motivators. Gender differences showed males (82%) slightly more curious than females (74%), though both groups valued the simulator’s practical relevance. The study underscores VCGS’s potential to bridge theoretical learning and practical agricultural engagement, recommending its integration into the curriculum and further development with local content.
Virtual Chicken Growth Simulator, agriculture studies, curiosity, TAM, poultry farming.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ubi Ofem Ubi, James Uba Uba (Author)
UTILIZING SPICE SIMULATION TO ADVANCE CIRCUIT DESIGN PROFICIENCY AMONG ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING STUDENTS IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigates the efficacy of SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) simulation in enhancing circuit design proficiency among electrical engineering students in Cross River State, Nigeria. With the increasing complexity of modern electronics, proficiency in circuit design is critical for engineering graduates. However, traditional teaching methods often lack practical, hands-on simulation tools like SPICE, which can bridge theoretical knowledge and real-world application. Using a primary data collection method, this research involved 120 students from two institutions, the University of Calabar and the Cross River University of Technology, divided into experimental (SPICE-integrated) and control (traditional) groups. Pre- and post-intervention assessments measured circuit design skills, focusing on accuracy, speed, and problem-solving ability. Results revealed that the experimental group exhibited a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05), with a mean score increase of 15.6 points compared to 4.2 in the control group. Qualitative feedback highlighted SPICE’s role in enhancing understanding of circuit behavior and reducing design errors. The study aligns with global trends in engineering education, emphasizing simulation tools’ transformative potential. Challenges such as limited computer access and software familiarity were noted, suggesting the need for infrastructural investment and training. This research contributes to the discourse on technology-enhanced learning in developing contexts, recommending the integration of SPICE into electrical engineering curricula in Cross River State to prepare students for industry demands. Future studies should explore long-term impacts and scalability across Nigeria.
SPICE simulation, circuit design, electrical engineering, engineering education, technology-enhanced learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rilwan Alao Olasunmade (Author)
EVALUATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILES IN HERBAL MIXTURES MARKETED IN UGEP, CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
Herbal mixtures are widely used in Ugep, Cross River State, Nigeria, for their perceived therapeutic benefits, yet concerns persist regarding their safety and efficacy due to limited regulation. This study evaluated the bioactive compounds and microbiological profiles of ten commonly marketed herbal mixtures using primary data collection methods. Samples were procured from local markets, and phytochemical screening identified bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Microbial analysis assessed contamination levels using standard plate count techniques, revealing the presence of pathogens like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. in varying concentrations. Results showed that 70% of samples contained flavonoids and tannins, while 40% exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) microbial limit of 10⁵ CFU/g for aerobic bacteria. The highest microbial load was 2.3 × 10⁶ CFU/g, indicating significant contamination risks. Theoretical insights from the Biogenic Theory framed the study, emphasizing the natural origin of bioactive compounds and their potential health impacts when compromised by microbial contamination. These findings align with recent literature highlighting variability in herbal product quality across Nigeria. Poor hygiene during preparation and storage likely contributed to contamination, underscoring the need for stricter quality control. Recommendations include enforcing regulatory standards, improving production hygiene, and educating vendors on safe handling practices. This study provides critical data for stakeholders aiming to enhance the safety and efficacy of herbal mixtures in Ugep.
Herbal mixtures, bioactive compounds, microbiological profiles, phytochemical screening, microbial contamination, quality control.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kingsley Assam Ndifon (Author)
EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF T. AFRICANA EXTRACTS COMBINED WITH CONVENTIONAL ANTIBIOTICS AGAINST MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT PATHOGENS
The global rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens threatens the efficacy of conventional antibiotics, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. This study evaluates the efficacy of Terminalia africana (T. africana) methanolic extracts combined with antibiotics (ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone) against MDR Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Grounded in the multi-target hypothesis, which posits that plant extracts enhance antibiotic action by targeting multiple bacterial sites, we employed a primary experimental design. In vitro assays, including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination, checkerboard synergy testing, and time-kill kinetics, were conducted using clinical isolates from Lagos, Nigeria. T. africana extracts alone exhibited MICs of 64–256 µg/mL, while combinations with antibiotics reduced MICs by up to 4-fold. Checkerboard assays revealed synergy (fractional inhibitory concentration index, FICI ≤ 0.5) in 70% of combinations, notably with ampicillin and ciprofloxacin, reducing bacterial viability by 3-log10 within 12 hours in time-kill assays (p < 0.01). Ceftriaxone combinations showed indifference (FICI 0.75–1.25), possibly due to β-lactamase resistance. These findings suggest that T. africana extracts disrupt resistance mechanisms, enhancing antibiotic potency. The study underscores the potential of plant-based adjuvants in combating AMR, particularly in resource-limited settings. We recommend in vivo validation and phytochemical characterization to advance clinical applications.
Terminalia Africana, Multidrug-resistant Pathogens, Antibiotic Synergy, Methanolic extracts, antimicrobial resistance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Etah Etah Eyum (Author)
INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF PROFESSIONAL MENTORSHIP ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigates the impact of professional mentorship on agricultural development in Cross River State, Nigeria, using a primary data collection methodology. Agriculture remains a critical sector for economic growth and food security in Nigeria, yet its development is hindered by limited access to knowledge, skills, and resources. Professional mentorship, defined as a structured relationship between experienced agricultural experts and farmers, has emerged as a potential strategy to bridge these gaps. The research employed a cross-sectional survey design, collecting data from 300 farmers across three local government areas (LGAs) in Cross River State Calabar South, Odukpani, and Yakurr through structured questionnaires and interviews. Findings reveal that farmers with access to mentorship reported a 35% increase in crop yield, a 28% improvement in income, and enhanced adoption of modern farming techniques compared to those without mentors. Statistical analysis using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r = 0.68, p < 0.05) confirmed a significant positive relationship between mentorship and agricultural productivity. The study’s theoretical framework, rooted in Social Learning Theory, underscores how observational learning and guidance from mentors enhance farmers’ capabilities. However, challenges such as limited mentor availability and poor infrastructure were identified. The research concludes that professional mentorship significantly boosts agricultural development and recommends policy interventions to formalize mentorship programs, increase funding, and improve rural infrastructure. These findings contribute to the discourse on sustainable agricultural development in developing regions.
Professional mentorship, agricultural development, crop yield, farmer income.
Copyright (c) 2025 Goodluck Ubi Ebali , James Uba Uba (Author)
PHYTOCHEMICALAND ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF THE STEM BARKEXTRACTS OF PTEROCARPUSERINACEUS (POIR)
Medicinal plants are very rich in phytochemicals and have been widely used in modern-day processing drugs. Pterocarpus Erinaceus and has been commonly utilized in Nigerian folk medicine to treat various illnesses such as diarrhea, dysentery, urethral discharges, fever. In this study, the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of Pterocarpus Erinaceus were analyzed. The result of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, and flavonoids. The antimicrobial screening showed that the plant is active against Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli.
P. Erinaceus, Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids
Copyright (c) 2025 Lilian Okwundu Unigwe (Author)
ASSESSING STIMULATION MODELLING AS A PATHWAY TO ENHANCING PHYSICS EDUCATION IN ANAMBRA STATE
This study explores the efficacy of stimulation modelling as an innovative pedagogical approach to enhance physics education in Anambra State, Nigeria. Stimulation modelling, involving interactive simulations and conceptual frameworks, aims to bridge conceptual gaps and improve student engagement and understanding. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 120 secondary school students across two groups: an experimental group exposed to stimulation modelling and a control group taught via traditional methods. Pre- and post-test assessments measured conceptual understanding and interest in physics. Results indicate significant improvements in the experimental group, suggesting that stimulation modelling could be a viable pathway to revitalize physics education in Anambra State.
PhET simulations, STEM education, physics education, interactive learning, student engagement
Copyright (c) 2025 Laeticia Udodiri Ugwu (Author)
LEVERAGING CHICKEN GROWTH SIMULATION PROGRAM (CGS) TO ENHANCE POULTRY PRODUCTION IN ANAMBRA STATE
The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a Chicken Growth Simulation Program as an educational tool in the field of poultry production. The research was conducted at a poultry farm in Umunze Community, Anambra State, with students enrolled in the Federal College of Education Technical, Umunze as primary participants. The study adopted a pre- and post-test approach. The study integrated the simulation program into the curriculum and measured its impact on students’ interest in poultry production. The t-test analysis performed on the data indicates that the treatment group showed a significant improvement in interest in poultry production compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Students exposed to contemporary technology demonstrated a deeper understanding and engagement with poultry management. The results of this study could have significant implications for both education and poultry production, potentially leading to curriculum development changes, enhanced learning experiences, and growth in the poultry industry.
chicken, simulation, poultry production, students
Copyright (c) 2025 Theresa Obumneme Okoli (Author)
ANALYSIS OF THE BIOACTIVE AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTENTS OF HERBAL MIXTURES SOLD IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
Over the years, medicinal plants have played a significant role in traditional medicine practice. The ever-increasing health-related difficulties and the search for possible treatments and likely cures have led to the increasing patronage of herbal drugs in Nigeria. There is an overwhelming increase in the production and distribution of herbal medications, and the trend has instigated concern about the quality of the products being sold in Anambra State, Nigeria. Thus, the primary purpose of the current study is to analyze the microbiological and phytochemical constituents of okanga powder, goko cleanser, and deep root herbal mixtures popularly sold in Nigeria. The phytochemical tests conducted on the herbal products revealed that the herbal products contain alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, anthraquinones, tannins, and saponins. The result of the microbial count indicates the presence of varying microorganisms such as S. aureus, E. coli, Salmonella, and Klebsiella spp in the herbal products. The study concludes that herbal products possess active phytochemicals. However, the presence of pathogenic organisms was discovered in the herbal drugs.
Okanga powder, goko cleanser, deep root, microorganism, phytochemical
Copyright (c) 2025 Stella Okoli (Author)
ENHANCING ELECTRONICS EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Electronics education is essential for advancing sustainable technological development in Anambra State, Nigeria. This survey-based study investigates the current state of technology education in Anambra, identifying barriers such as outdated curricula, inadequate infrastructure, and limited industry collaboration. By analyzing responses from educators, students, and industry stakeholders, the research proposes strategies to align electronics education with sustainable development goals (SDGs), promoting regional innovation and employability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ikenna Anthony Okafor (Author)
ASSESSING THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BITTER LEAF (VERNONIA AMYGDALINA) ON MICRO-ORGANISMS
Medicinal plants have assumed the basis of traditional medicine and have proven effective in human health care across the world. There is a growing interest in the role of complementary and alternative medicines to treat various illnesses. The continued consumption of antibiotic with little or no impact on bacteria have negatively affected health care delivery. Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) is a popular shrub belonging to the family Asteraceae and a perennial shrub commonly cultivated as a homestead vegetable and fodder tree in various parts of Nigeria. The current study was conducted to assess the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of bitter leaf on Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The result of the phytochemical analysis conducted on the root and stem bark of V. amygdalina revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannin, steroids, flavonoids, phenol, and saponins. However, it was found that tannins and phenol were mainly deposited in the plant's stem bark. Also, the antimicrobial analysis conducted revealed that S. aureus was more vulnerable to the ethanol, acetone, and hot aqueous extracts of V. amygdalina. while, P. aeruginosa, and C. Albicans showed sensitivity to ethanol and acetone exposure but failed to react to the hot aqueous extracts. The study concludes that the observed biological reactions shown by the aqueous extracts of V. amygdalina corroborate the traditional application of this plant as an alternative antibiotic.
Bitter leaf, Phytochemical, Ethanol, Acetone, Antimicrobial
Copyright (c) 2025 Stella Ngozi Ofodile (Author)
EXPLORING SIMULATION MODELLING AS STRATEGY FOR ENHANCING POULTRY MANAGEMENT IN TERTIARY EDUCATION
Poultry production is a vital component of agricultural economies, particularly in regions like Anambra State, Nigeria, where it supports food security and livelihoods. This study explores the application of a Chicken Growth Simulation (CGS) program to optimize poultry production by modeling growth parameters, feed efficiency, and environmental factors. Using a sample of 50 poultry farms in Anambra State, the research evaluates the effectiveness of CGS in improving broiler growth rates and reducing production costs. Results indicate that farms utilizing CGS achieved a 15% increase in growth efficiency and a 10% reduction in feed costs compared to traditional methods. These findings suggest that integrating simulation technologies can enhance sustainable poultry production in Anambra State, offering a scalable model for other regions.
Chicken Growth Simulation, Poultry Production, Growth Modeling, Sustainable Farming, Precision Agriculture
Copyright (c) 2025 Nzeribe Thakgod Achufusi (Author)
UTILIZING SIMULATION TO ADVANCE PROGRAMMING PROFICIENCY AMONG COMPUTER ENGINEERING STUDENTS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigates the effectiveness of simulation-based learning in enhancing programming proficiency among computer engineering students in Anambra State, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 120 students from two universities, divided into an experimental group (using simulation) and a control group (using traditional methods). The objective was to assess whether simulation improves programming skills, problem-solving abilities, and retention compared to conventional teaching. Pre- and post-tests were administered, and data were analyzed using t-tests. Results indicate that the experimental group outperformed the control group significantly in programming proficiency (p < .05). The findings suggest that simulation is a valuable tool for advancing programming education in resource-constrained settings like Anambra State. Implications include the need for integrating simulation tools into curricula to bridge skill gaps and enhance employability.
simulation, programming proficiency, computer engineering, education technology
Copyright (c) 2025 Nkiru Celine Mokwe (Author)
EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF CHEMLAB SOFTWARE IN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigates the impact of Chemlab software on chemistry education among secondary school students in Anambra State, Nigeria. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, the research examines how this virtual laboratory tool influences students’ academic achievement, engagement, and practical skills in chemistry. The findings indicate that Chemlab software significantly enhances students’ understanding of chemical concepts, improves retention, and fosters a positive attitude toward practical chemistry. Gender differences were also explored, revealing no significant variation in outcomes. The study underscores the potential of virtual laboratory tools to address infrastructural challenges in Nigerian secondary schools, offering practical implications for educators and policymakers aiming to improve science education.
Chemlab, chemistry education, student engagement, technology integration
Copyright (c) 2025 Chidimma Vera Ezeuduji (Author)
ASSESSING STATISTICAL MODELLING KNOWLEDGE IN TERTIARY EDUCATION IN ANAMBRA STATE
This study investigates the knowledge levels of statistical modelling among students in Tertiary Education in Anambra State, Nigeria, highlighting significant variances in comprehension and engagement. A convenience sample of one hundred and forty-eight (n = 122) first-year undergraduates comprising 71 females (65.5%) and 51 males (34.5%) aged 16 to 28 years old participated in the study. The data reveals that a large proportion of students fall within the low (39.34%) and very low (20.49%) knowledge categories, while only a small fraction demonstrates high (11.48%) or very high (7.38%) proficiency. These findings underscore the critical need for enhanced educational strategies to improve students' understanding of statistical modelling. The implications suggest that students can apply statistical concepts in real-world scenarios with targeted interventions, impacting their academic and professional success. This study provides a foundation for further exploration into improving statistical education in Nigeria, ensuring students are better equipped to meet academic and professional demands.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chike Obienyem (Author)
IOT PLATFORM IN EDUCATION: THE ROLE OF TECHNOPHOBIA IN ACADEMIA
The contemporary education ecosystem mainly depends on the ever-increasing technological innovations linked to inquiry-based learning development. However, research indicates that lack of technology acceptance fuels the divide in technological integration in the education sector. The study's primary purpose is to examine the prevalence of technophobia and its implication in research development in academia. One hundred and twenty-seven academic staff of three public tertiary institutions in Edo State, Nigeria, participated in the study. The respondents completed a self-report measure of the computer anxiety rating Scale and research attitudes questionnaire. The descriptive report indicated that most respondents scored high in technophobia (46.5%). Furthermore, the linear regression analysis conducted on the data revealed that technophobia statistically significantly predicted research attitudes in academia F (1,125), 20.31, P<.000. Importantly, the R2 indicated that the predictor variable accounted for 22.1% of the observed variance research attitudes in academia. The result has implications for research development in Nigeria's academia
technophobia, research attitudes, academia, tertiary institutions
Copyright (c) 2024 Eyotor Ighoretin Ihama (Author)
INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) BASED SOLAR RENEWABLE ENERGY INTELLIGENT IRRIGATION SYSTEM WITH ROBOT
Climate change and the finite nature of traditional electricity production sources have resulted in the increasing utilization of renewable electricity sources in today’s electricity grid architecture. Which is hoped to eventually lead to a hundred percent renewable electricity grid architecture. A purely renewable electricity grid will bring about the implementation of the Internet of Renewable Energy (IoRE). The European Union (EU) in an attempt to stimulate and strengthen the integration of electricity grid architecture of member states has set in motion several strategies. A great strategy should be a purely renewable electricity grid assets integration in the region. Besides hydro and wind energy, bioenergy is following on the listing of vital renewable energy sources consumed in the European electricity generation mix. Bioenergy electricity combined with other renewables on the IoRE framework will lead to a sustainable electricity grid integration in the EU. The anticipated utilization of IoRE technology in the short-term and long-term in the region will lead the way to assess a hundred percent renewable electricity product by consumers in each member country. It will as well bring about cleaner electricity product production in the EU.
bioenergy, bioenergy electricity, Internet of Renewable Energy (IoRE), sustainable regional electricity, European Union (EU)
Copyright (c) 2024 Famous O. Igbinovia (Author)
ASSESSING MATHEMATICAL MOTIVATION IN PRIMARY EDUCATION IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA
The focus of this study is to determine the proportion of Nigerian Primary School teachers that use the various assessment instruments in the assessment of pupils in mathematics; the sources from which teachers generate their mathematics test items; the levels of questions set by the teachers on the Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive domains; the extent to which Primary School teachers validate their test instruments; how the teachers utilise the outcomes of the formative tests in schools; and problems faced by the teachers in the assessment processes in primary schools. The research design for this study was the survey research design. One hundred and Fifty primary school teachers were sampled from Edo State of Nigeria through purposive sampling technique. There were made up of 108 females and 42 males. The main instrument used for the data collection was a Mathematics Assessment Construction Scale (MACS) questionnaire designed to elicit responses from the subjects in the areas of assessment instruments, source of test items, levels of cognitive domain covered by the questions, validation and item analyses. Other areas covered are the use of formative tests and problems of assessing pupils in primary school mathematics. The questionnaire consists of 23 questions on a four point likert scale using never, not often, often and very often. The split half method was used to establish a reliability coefficient of 0.79. Simple frequency counts and percentages were used to analyse the data and answer the research questions. Results of the study showed that most of the teachers often written tests(100%) and assignments(88%).Group work(76%) very few of them use observation(30%), oral examination(6%) and peer group assessment(8%); 74% of the teachers source their assessment questions from textbook publisher’s questions, 76% construct their questions and very few of them source their questions from past questions(32%) and question and answer books(30%); most of the teachers set questions covering knowledge(100%), comprehension and application(88%) while only 38% of them set questions on real life problems; 82% of the teachers often carry out content validity of the test instruments and very few teachers carry out reliability test(4%), item difficulties(10%) and item discrimination power(24%); most of the teachers give formative test and feedback to pupils while only 52% of the teachers often give remediation lessons to the pupils. Some of the problems identified include absenteeism, lateness and truancy of pupils, lack of interest by pupils, lack of materials, lack of knowledge about assessment by teachers etc. It was recommended that teachers should be encouraged to use variety of assessment instruments; teachers should be retrained on the techniques of test construction, and be encouraged to set questions on real life problems.
Copyright (c) 2024 Orionsefe Sabrena Edosomwan (Author)
ASSESSING WORKSHOP SAFETY MANAGEMENT SKILLS AMONG MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDENTS IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA
The study aims to evaluate the workshop safety management skills among mechanical engineering students in Edo State, Nigeria. With the increasing complexity of engineering tasks and the inherent risks associated with workshop environments, it is crucial to ensure that students are well-equipped with the necessary safety skills. This research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive data on students’ safety practices, awareness, and compliance with established safety protocols. A sample of 200 mechanical engineering students from three major institutions in Edo State participated in the study. The survey assessed various dimensions of workshop safety, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), adherence to safety guidelines, emergency response preparedness, and the effectiveness of safety training programmes. Additionally, in-depth interviews with selected students and workshop supervisors provided insights into the challenges and barriers to effective safety management. Preliminary findings indicate a moderate level of compliance with safety protocols, with significant variations across different institutions. While most students demonstrated basic knowledge of safety practices, gaps were identified in the consistent use of PPE and emergency response procedures. The study highlights the need for enhanced safety training programmes and the integration of practical safety management modules into the engineering curriculum. The research underscores the importance of fostering a safety-conscious culture within engineering workshops to mitigate risks and ensure the well-being of students. Recommendations include regular safety audits, continuous professional development for instructors, and the incorporation of advanced safety technologies in workshop settings.
workshop, skills, students, mechanical engineering, safety management
Copyright (c) 2024 Uwuidia Lewis Aiyamenkhue (Author)
VIRTUAL GUIDED LABORATORY APPLICATIONS ON THE VERIFICATION OF OHMS LAW
Ohm’s Law has long been a cornerstone of electrical engineering, providing a linear relationship between voltage, current, and resistance that has underpinned modern circuit analysis. However, as technology advances and philosophical inquiries deepen, the limitations of this venerable law have become evident, particularly in scenarios involving near-zero resistance. This paper introduces a novel formulation-the modified Ohm’s Law; that not only rectifies the pitfalls of the conventional law but also harmonizes physics with philosophical principles. Motivated by the perplexing issue of predicting infinite current at zero resistance and the philosophical implications of deriving infinity from the finite, the modified equation serves as a bridge between empirical insights and logical coherence. Through rigorous mathematical derivation, comprehensive theoretical examination, and scrupulous computational analysis, the accuracy and applicability of the modified Ohm's Law are not only demonstrated but also its suitability across a wide range of scenarios is revealed. These scenarios include semiconductor devices, high-current applications, and complex systems where the standard Ohm’s Law falls short, offering a transformative perspective on the analysis of electrical circuitry. In reconciling scientific rigor with philosophical consistency, this paper advances our understanding of electrical circuitry and beckons a newera of precision in analysis. Further, the modified Ohm’s Law paves the way for deeper explorations that resonate through the domains of physics and philosophy, reshaping the landscape of our understanding
Modified Ohm’s Law, Electrical circuit analysis, Non-linear behavior, Resistance, Exponential function, Short circuit,
Copyright (c) 2024 Shedrack Tamunoiyowuna (Author)
CORN HUSK FERMENTATION WITH BREWERY WASTE YEAST AS FISH MEAL SUBSTITUTE IN THE DIET OF AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) FINGERLINGS
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of fish-meal (FM) with two types of fermented animal by-products (fish and poultry offal‟s wastes) on growth performance, microbiological, and fish quality of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish offal‟s silage (FOS) and poultry offal‟s silage (POS) were fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Five isonitrogenous (34.3% crude protein) diets were formulated to comprise two levels of fermented fish offal (20% and 40%), two levels of fermented poultry offal (20% and 40%) wastes, and 100% fish meal as a control. Ninety hatcheries bred African catfish were randomly distributed into 5 equal groups every 18 fish in three replicate (6 fish/ replicate aquaria). Each of the diets was fed to triplicate groups of African catfish with mean initial weight (MIW) 52g ± 0.01 at 5% body weight in glass aquaria (30 x 30 x70 cm) twice daily (morning and evening) for 12 weeks. The results showed that fish in the fourth group fed on diet supplemented with 20 % POS recorded the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.77±0.1), protein efficiency ratio (PER) (3.51±0.06), incidence of cost (IC) (16.3±0.37), and profit index (PI) (3.51±0.06). Fish in group four as well had the least total bacterial count, coliform, and mold & yeast. The least lactic acid bacteria count and the best overall acceptance were detected also in the fourth group as compared to other groups except diet 1(control) which means it can be used safely without significantly affecting public health or consumer acceptance.
Fish-meal replacement, Growth performance, Cost efficiency, Microbial count, organoleptic parameters
Copyright (c) 2024 Fayeofori Bob-Manuel Gbobo (Author)
ASSESSMENT OF TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON IN SEDIMENT ALONG THE PORT HARCOURT SHORELINE IN RIVERS STATE
The contamination of marine and coastal environments by petroleum hydrocarbons is a significant environmental concern, particularly in regions with extensive oil exploration and production activities. This study aims to assess the concentration and distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in sediment along the Port Harcourt shoreline in Rivers State, Nigeria. Sediment samples were collected from ten different locations along the Port Harcourt shoreline between January and June 2024. The samples were analyzed for TPH using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, and organic carbon content were also measured. Data were statistically analyzed to determine the spatial distribution and potential sources of TPH contamination. The results indicated that TPH concentrations in the sediment samples ranged from 1.5 mg/kg to 12.8 mg/kg, with the highest concentrations observed near industrial discharge points and oil spill sites. The average TPH concentration was 6.4 mg/kg, exceeding the permissible limits set by environmental regulatory agencies. The spatial distribution pattern suggested that the primary sources of TPH contamination were petrogenic, originating from oil spills and industrial discharges. The physicochemical analysis showed a significant correlation between TPH levels and organic carbon content in the sediment. The study highlights the high levels of TPH contamination in the sediment along the Port Harcourt shoreline, posing potential ecological risks to marine life and human health. There is an urgent need for stringent regulatory measures and effective remediation strategies to mitigate the impact of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution. Continuous monitoring and public awareness campaigns are essential to protect the coastal environment and ensure sustainable development in the region.
Total petroleum hydrocarbon, sediment contamination, Port Harcourt shoreline, environmental assessment, Nigeria, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Copyright (c) 2024 Hyginus Oku (Author)